Introduction to Fiber Optic Sensing
Fiber optic sensing measures changes in the naturally occurring "backscattering" of light occurring in an optical fiber (or designed in methods of controlled reflection such as Fiber Bragg Gratings).
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In a four-wire system, the sensor/transmitter has two wires for dedicated power supply and two separate wires for signal output. In electrical engineering, four-terminal sensing (4T sensing), 4-wire sensing, or 4-point probes method is an electrical impedance measuring technique that uses separate pairs of current -carrying and voltage -sensing electrodes to make more accurate measurements than the simpler and more usual. A fiber optic sensor wiring diagram is a visual representation of how the various components of a fiber optic sensor system are connected. It shows the connections between the light source, optical fiber, sensing element, detector, and signal processing unit. The wiring configuration of transmitters and sensors—whether two-wire, three-wire, or four-wire —directly affects installation complexity, cost, measurement accuracy, and reliability.
