Center concave of multimode fiber
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Multi-mode optical fiber features a larger core diameter (typically 50–100 μm), allowing multiple light modes to propagate simultaneously. This design simplifies alignment and installation, making MMF cost-effective and ideal for short- to medium-distance data transmission in enterprise networks, and campus environments. MMF supports high data rates—up to 100 Gbps—over distances typically ranging from 300 to 550 meters, depending on fiber type (OM3, OM4, OM5). However, the practical use of MMFs is limited by the challenges posed by fiber bending, which leads to mode coupling. Here, we investigate various interesting features of the guided modes of multimode fibers. ABSTRACT Multimode fibers (MMFs) have found wide application across various fields, such as optical communications, mode-locked lasers, and endoscopy.